『日本の文化クラスれんしゅうする』♪
POSTED ON: 2011年10月6日木曜日 @ 23:05 | 0 comments
1. Who are the great religious leaders of the Kamakura period?
Honen- trained at the Tendai center, salvation achieved through individual acts and the production of merit acts. Created the sect of Pure Land Buddhism known as the Nembutsu (Mt.Hiei)
Shinran- Honen's disciple, solved the problem of how many times one should recite the nembutsu. Created the "true sect" of Pure Land Buddhism. (Mt.Hiei) Promised that if one devotes his or her self entirely to Amida then they can achieve salvation. He was considered very original.
Ippen- He urged the practice of circulating the nembutsu.
Nichiren- founded the Nichiren sect of Buddhism, the only one that was not from China. He labeled Kukai as the greatest liar in Japan and said that all other forms of Buddhism were detrimental to Japan. His beliefs were based on the Lotus Sutra.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
2. In the Fushikaden what is the meaning of "take" and "kasa?"
Take- Natural ability and talent that one is born with. Inherit talent.
Kase- Acquiring ability and talent based on discipline as well as practice.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
3. Compare and contrast the Kitayama Epoch with the Higashiyama epoch. Describe the leaders and the cultures of these epochs.
Kitayama- Yoshimitsu Ashikaga
- Very generous patron of the arts, reestablished formal connections with China. The Kitayama epoch is named after Yoshimitu's retreat, "Kinkakuji."
Higashiyama- Yoshimasa Ashikaga
- The grandson of Yoshimitsu
- He had no interest in military affairs although he was named Generalissimo
- Ikebana, Renga, sumi-e and wabi-cha developed during this epoch
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
4. What are the core teachings of modern day Shinto?
- The core teachings of modern day Shinto are sincerity and purity. The main reasons why people visit shrines are to please and pay respect to the kami.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
5. Explain what "multifaceted religious life" in Japan means.
- Essentially that Shinto and Buddhism have coexisted in Japan harmoniously. Weddings are often Christian and even though some Japanese do not identify with a religion they still go to shrines to pay their respects as if simply a way of life. Religion is somewhat intrinsic with the culture. One is born Shinto and dies Buddhist.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
6. How did the Fujiwaru clan become so powerful? What are some significant political developments?
- The unusual marriage customs of that time made it so that Fujiwaru women were marrying and having illegitimate children who would later become elites. They were also sometimes marrying with imperial.
- The use of kana also helped to create a boom in prose.
- A new style of recording history was also developed known as Rekishi Monogatari
- Relations were formally cut with China during this time, partially due to the unstable environment of China from the Mongol invasions.
- The capital also became more isolated in comparison to former years
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
7. What is Yamato Art?
- Peak popularity of this art form during the Fujiwaru period.
- The subject was pure landscapes or landscapes with courtiers at leisure
-Two major themes were seasons and famous places in Japan.
With the development of kana, artists began putting poems with their pictures.
This slowly gave rise to what is known as emaki
*combined poetry, art and calligrapghy
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
8. Fushikaden is sometimes described as a reflection of the Japanese people as a whole, explain what this means.
Noh plays- Depict religion, spirituality, the Japanese characteristics of "wabi," "miyabi," and "mono no aware."
Tea ceremony and calligraphy are also shown as traditional Japanese culture. The idea of diligence and "take" as well as "kase" is demonstrated.
The behavior of people at certain ages is also outlined in the Fushikaden and the virtue of "diligence" is discussed.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
9. What is the Azuchi-Momoyama epoch?
- It is the time when Japan became unified
- The first westerners appeared in Japan from Portugal
- During this time three daimyos rose to rule the country; Tokugawa Ieyasu, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Oda Nobunaga
- The castle is the center of the city and represents power
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
10. What are factors that determined Nichiren Buddhism?
- Nichiren grew up in a time of warfare.
- He was heavily influenced by the idea of Mappo, or that by the age of 1052 no one could achieve salvation by themselves and would have to throw themselves at another to be saved, (e.g.- Amida)
- He said that all other sects of Buddhism were harmful to Japanese.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
11. Why was a seclusion policy created and what were the consequences?
- There was fears that the daimyos who lost the Sekigahara battle of 1600 might join with the Christian westerners and topple over the new Shogun government.
- It was also a control issue as Christianity didn't uphold the Japanese class structure.
- Stunted Japan's commercial growth and brought it to a halt
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
12. Explain the Genroku epoch.
- Merchant class became quite powerful because of Sakoku
- Urbanization occurred as farmers began producing more and essentially Japan became more self-sufficient.
- During this epoch, Kabuki theater was also very popular and developed
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
13. How did primitive Shinto manage to survive the arrival of Buddhism?
- Several factors however, it seems as though the two coexisted well because of their similarities.
- Also Japanese didn't mind having two religions as they adapted Buddhism to their own culture.
- Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines were amalgamated.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
Time Periods
Jyomon (300 BC-300AC)
"Rope pattern age"
-hunters, gatherers and fishers
-Kaizuka provided food for the people
- People lived in Tateyama
-dogu- half-human, half beast earthenware for
Yayoi
-used metals and may have made the shift because of China
- China referred to Japan as "Wa."
3 great religious systems of pre-modern Japan?
shinto (emotional) Buddhism (metaphysical) Confucianism (rational)
Oldest books by Japanese records?
Kojiki (712) record of ancient matters
Nihon Shoki (720) Chronicles of Japan
Kofun
- Tomb Period, stone burial mounds
- Haniwa- placed inside of graves
- Emperor Nintoku in Osaka largest burial mound
- Principal monument to the sun goddess = Ise Shrine
Asuka
- Sui dynasty reunited China
- T'ang Dynasty heavily influenced Japan
- Mahayana and Hinayama
3 forms of Buddha: Miroku (future), Yakushi (healing), Amida (boundless light)
- Prince Shotoku was the leader of reform and favored relations with Sui china, advanced Japan's civilization. Wrote 17 Article Constitution of 604- revered Buddhismand propagated Confucian values within Japan.
Horyuji Temple- Oldest known temple in the world
Nara
- Tempyo Epoch
- Emperor Shomu founded a nat'l Buddhist center
- Todaiji temple was the focal point of the tempyo epoch, The Daibutsu is inside.
Manyoshu- begining of Japanese poetic tradition
*two main compilers: Otomo no Yakamochi & Yamanoue Okura
Eye Opening Ceremony in 752- cleric from India that painted pupils of its eyes to give the Daibutsu life
Buddhism was introduced to Japan in 552
*Most fundamental premises in Buddhism:
1) All things are impermanent 2) Suffering is universal 3) Man is the helpless victim of fate
*2 Opposing camps in the mid-sixth century over whether or not to accept Buddhism
1) Shinto ritualists and elite imperial guards (they felt threatened by change)
Heian
- Court shift from Kyoto to Nara
Reasons? More room to expand
Kamakura
Muromachi
Azuchi
Momoyama
Tokugawa/Edo (1600-1868)
- Tokugawa shogunate
- Sakoku policy
- Genroku Epoch
- Kabuki
- Matsuo Basho
- Ihara Saikaku
ラベル: classes, review, studies
← Older / ♥ back up ♥ / Newer →
So, you plant your own garden and decorate your own soul,
instead of waiting for someone to bring you flowers.
You learn that you really can endure,
that you really are strong, and you really do have worth.
You learn and learn, with every goodbye you learn.
Scream your name
Your thoughts, and your cries. Be nice.
Tagboard here, I like shoutmix.com. It can be 100% in width, the height you can put it as whatever. Best if the style is "wide"
『日本の文化クラスれんしゅうする』♪
POSTED ON: 2011年10月6日木曜日 @ 23:05 | 0 comments
1. Who are the great religious leaders of the Kamakura period?
Honen- trained at the Tendai center, salvation achieved through individual acts and the production of merit acts. Created the sect of Pure Land Buddhism known as the Nembutsu (Mt.Hiei)
Shinran- Honen's disciple, solved the problem of how many times one should recite the nembutsu. Created the "true sect" of Pure Land Buddhism. (Mt.Hiei) Promised that if one devotes his or her self entirely to Amida then they can achieve salvation. He was considered very original.
Ippen- He urged the practice of circulating the nembutsu.
Nichiren- founded the Nichiren sect of Buddhism, the only one that was not from China. He labeled Kukai as the greatest liar in Japan and said that all other forms of Buddhism were detrimental to Japan. His beliefs were based on the Lotus Sutra.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
2. In the Fushikaden what is the meaning of "take" and "kasa?"
Take- Natural ability and talent that one is born with. Inherit talent.
Kase- Acquiring ability and talent based on discipline as well as practice.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
3. Compare and contrast the Kitayama Epoch with the Higashiyama epoch. Describe the leaders and the cultures of these epochs.
Kitayama- Yoshimitsu Ashikaga
- Very generous patron of the arts, reestablished formal connections with China. The Kitayama epoch is named after Yoshimitu's retreat, "Kinkakuji."
Higashiyama- Yoshimasa Ashikaga
- The grandson of Yoshimitsu
- He had no interest in military affairs although he was named Generalissimo
- Ikebana, Renga, sumi-e and wabi-cha developed during this epoch
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
4. What are the core teachings of modern day Shinto?
- The core teachings of modern day Shinto are sincerity and purity. The main reasons why people visit shrines are to please and pay respect to the kami.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
5. Explain what "multifaceted religious life" in Japan means.
- Essentially that Shinto and Buddhism have coexisted in Japan harmoniously. Weddings are often Christian and even though some Japanese do not identify with a religion they still go to shrines to pay their respects as if simply a way of life. Religion is somewhat intrinsic with the culture. One is born Shinto and dies Buddhist.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
6. How did the Fujiwaru clan become so powerful? What are some significant political developments?
- The unusual marriage customs of that time made it so that Fujiwaru women were marrying and having illegitimate children who would later become elites. They were also sometimes marrying with imperial.
- The use of kana also helped to create a boom in prose.
- A new style of recording history was also developed known as Rekishi Monogatari
- Relations were formally cut with China during this time, partially due to the unstable environment of China from the Mongol invasions.
- The capital also became more isolated in comparison to former years
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
7. What is Yamato Art?
- Peak popularity of this art form during the Fujiwaru period.
- The subject was pure landscapes or landscapes with courtiers at leisure
-Two major themes were seasons and famous places in Japan.
With the development of kana, artists began putting poems with their pictures.
This slowly gave rise to what is known as emaki
*combined poetry, art and calligrapghy
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
8. Fushikaden is sometimes described as a reflection of the Japanese people as a whole, explain what this means.
Noh plays- Depict religion, spirituality, the Japanese characteristics of "wabi," "miyabi," and "mono no aware."
Tea ceremony and calligraphy are also shown as traditional Japanese culture. The idea of diligence and "take" as well as "kase" is demonstrated.
The behavior of people at certain ages is also outlined in the Fushikaden and the virtue of "diligence" is discussed.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
9. What is the Azuchi-Momoyama epoch?
- It is the time when Japan became unified
- The first westerners appeared in Japan from Portugal
- During this time three daimyos rose to rule the country; Tokugawa Ieyasu, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Oda Nobunaga
- The castle is the center of the city and represents power
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
10. What are factors that determined Nichiren Buddhism?
- Nichiren grew up in a time of warfare.
- He was heavily influenced by the idea of Mappo, or that by the age of 1052 no one could achieve salvation by themselves and would have to throw themselves at another to be saved, (e.g.- Amida)
- He said that all other sects of Buddhism were harmful to Japanese.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
11. Why was a seclusion policy created and what were the consequences?
- There was fears that the daimyos who lost the Sekigahara battle of 1600 might join with the Christian westerners and topple over the new Shogun government.
- It was also a control issue as Christianity didn't uphold the Japanese class structure.
- Stunted Japan's commercial growth and brought it to a halt
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
12. Explain the Genroku epoch.
- Merchant class became quite powerful because of Sakoku
- Urbanization occurred as farmers began producing more and essentially Japan became more self-sufficient.
- During this epoch, Kabuki theater was also very popular and developed
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
13. How did primitive Shinto manage to survive the arrival of Buddhism?
- Several factors however, it seems as though the two coexisted well because of their similarities.
- Also Japanese didn't mind having two religions as they adapted Buddhism to their own culture.
- Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines were amalgamated.
.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-.
Time Periods
Jyomon (300 BC-300AC)
"Rope pattern age"
-hunters, gatherers and fishers
-Kaizuka provided food for the people
- People lived in Tateyama
-dogu- half-human, half beast earthenware for
Yayoi
-used metals and may have made the shift because of China
- China referred to Japan as "Wa."
3 great religious systems of pre-modern Japan?
shinto (emotional) Buddhism (metaphysical) Confucianism (rational)
Oldest books by Japanese records?
Kojiki (712) record of ancient matters
Nihon Shoki (720) Chronicles of Japan
Kofun
- Tomb Period, stone burial mounds
- Haniwa- placed inside of graves
- Emperor Nintoku in Osaka largest burial mound
- Principal monument to the sun goddess = Ise Shrine
Asuka
- Sui dynasty reunited China
- T'ang Dynasty heavily influenced Japan
- Mahayana and Hinayama
3 forms of Buddha: Miroku (future), Yakushi (healing), Amida (boundless light)
- Prince Shotoku was the leader of reform and favored relations with Sui china, advanced Japan's civilization. Wrote 17 Article Constitution of 604- revered Buddhismand propagated Confucian values within Japan.
Horyuji Temple- Oldest known temple in the world
Nara
- Tempyo Epoch
- Emperor Shomu founded a nat'l Buddhist center
- Todaiji temple was the focal point of the tempyo epoch, The Daibutsu is inside.
Manyoshu- begining of Japanese poetic tradition
*two main compilers: Otomo no Yakamochi & Yamanoue Okura
Eye Opening Ceremony in 752- cleric from India that painted pupils of its eyes to give the Daibutsu life
Buddhism was introduced to Japan in 552
*Most fundamental premises in Buddhism:
1) All things are impermanent 2) Suffering is universal 3) Man is the helpless victim of fate
*2 Opposing camps in the mid-sixth century over whether or not to accept Buddhism
1) Shinto ritualists and elite imperial guards (they felt threatened by change)
Heian
- Court shift from Kyoto to Nara
Reasons? More room to expand
Kamakura
Muromachi
Azuchi
Momoyama
Tokugawa/Edo (1600-1868)
- Tokugawa shogunate
- Sakoku policy
- Genroku Epoch
- Kabuki
- Matsuo Basho
- Ihara Saikaku
ラベル: classes, review, studies
← Older / ♥ back up ♥ / Newer →
